Ansiedade e Depressão na Morbidade Materna Grave e Near Miss / Anxiety and depression in severe maternal morbidity and near miss

RESUMO Com o objetivo de verificar a prevalência da ansiedade e depressão em mulheres com morbidade materna grave (near miss), foi realizado estudo de coorte transversal, com 549 mulheres. Para tanto, foram utilizados o Inventário de Beck de Depressão (BDI) e o Inventário de Ansiedade (BAI). Na análise estatística, aplicaram-se o teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson e o U-Mann-Whitney, além de Razões de Chances brutas e seus Intervalos com 95% de confiança. Houve maior prevalência e maior chance de desenvolver a ansiedade e depressão na MMG/NM, bem como a relação positiva e significativa entre ambos. Considera-se a associação do ponto de vista psicológico, como um fator grave e impactante na saúde mental da mulher.

ABSTRACT To verify the prevalence of anxiety and depression in women with severe maternal morbidity (near miss), a cross-sectional cohort study was conducted, with 549 women. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used. For the statistical analysis, the Pearson chi-square test and the U-Mann-Whitney test besides Odds Ratio and their 95% confidence intervals. There was a higher prevalence and a greater chance of developing anxiety and depression in the SAMM/NM, as well as the positive and significant relationship between both. We consider association from the psychological point of view as a serious and shocking factor in the mental health of women.

Severe Maternal Morbidity: post-traumatic suffering and social support.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship of post-traumatic stress symptoms and the perception of social support in women submitted to Severe Maternal Morbidity (SMM). METHOD: A prospective cohort study, with 549 women from public hospitals. The Impact of Events and Social Support scales were used. RESULTS: Women with SMM were from the State countryside (p=0.046), with low schooling (p=0.039) and did not work (p<0.001). They presented higher consumption of alcoholic beverages (p<0.001), did not perform prenatal (p<0.001), and were older (28.15 ± 28 years). Women with SMM had higher mean values of avoidance behavior (24.32, SD: 4.16), intrusive thinking (18.28, SD: 3.80), lower social support (0.11, SD: 0.001) with large effect size and lower social support satisfaction (0.69; SD: 0.19), with small effect size. CONCLUSION: SMM is a differential and negative factor for women's mental health, and social support can favor their coping.

Severe Maternal Morbidity: post-traumatic suffering and social support / Morbilidad Materna Grave: estrés postraumático y soporte social / Morbidade Materna Grave: estresse pós-traumático e suporte social

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the relationship of post-traumatic stress symptoms and the perception of social support in women submitted to Severe Maternal Morbidity (SMM). Method: A prospective cohort study, with 549 women from public hospitals. The Impact of Events and Social Support scales were used. Results: Women with SMM were from the State countryside (p=0.046), with low schooling (p=0.039) and did not work (p<0.001). They presented higher consumption of alcoholic beverages (p<0.001), did not perform prenatal (p<0.001), and were older (28.15 ± 28 years). Women with SMM had higher mean values of avoidance behavior (24.32, SD: 4.16), intrusive thinking (18.28, SD: 3.80), lower social support (0.11, SD: 0.001) with large effect size and lower social support satisfaction (0.69; SD: 0.19), with small effect size. Conclusion: SMM is a differential and negative factor for women's mental health, and social support can favor their coping.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la relación de síntomas de estrés postraumático y la percepción del soporte social en mujeres sometidas a la Morbilidad Materna Grave (MMG). Método: Estudio de corte prospectivo, con 549 mujeres de hospitales públicos. Se utilizaron las escalas de Impacto de Eventos y de Soporte Social. Resultados: las mujeres con MMG provenían del interior del estado (p = 0,046), con baja escolaridad (p = 0,039) y no trabajaban (p <0,001). En el caso de las bebidas alcohólicas (p <0,001), no realizaron prenatal (p <0,001), y eran mayores (28,15 ± 28 años). Las mujeres expuestas a la MMG tuvieron promedios más altos de comportamiento de esquiva (24,32, DP: 4,16), pensamiento intrusivo (18,28, DP: 3,80), menor soporte social (0,11, DP: 0,001) con tamaño de efecto grande y menor satisfacción del soporte social (0,69, DP: 0,19) con tamaño de efecto pequeño. Conclusión: La MMG es un factor diferencial y negativo para la salud mental de las mujeres, y el apoyo social puede favorecer su enfrentamiento.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a relação de sintomas de estresse pós-traumático e a percepção do suporte social em mulheres submetidas à Morbidade Materna Grave (MMG). Método: Estudo de coorte prospectivo, com 549 mulheres de hospitais públicos. Foram utilizadas as escalas de Impacto de Eventos e de Suporte Social. Resultados: Mulheres com MMG eram oriundas do interior do estado (p=0,046), com baixa escolaridade (p=0,039) e não trabalhavam (p<0,001). Apresentavam maior consumo de bebidas alcoólicas (p<0,001), não realizaram pré-natal (p<0,001), e eram mais velhas (28,15±28 anos). As mulheres com MMG tiveram maiores médias de comportamento de esquiva (24,32; DP: 4,16), pensamento intrusivo (18,28; DP: 3,80), menor suporte social (0,11; DP: 0,001) com tamanho de efeito grande e menor satisfação do suporte social (0,69; DP: 0,19), com tamanho de efeito pequeno. Conclusão: A MMG é um fator diferencial e negativo para a saúde mental das mulheres, e o apoio social pode favorecer o seu enfrentamento.

Similarities and differences between WHO criteria and two other approaches for maternal near miss diagnosis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the similarities, differences and diagnostic aspects between World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and two other maternal near miss (MNM) diagnostic tools. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2011 to May 2012 in two reference maternity hospitals in Aracaju, Brazil. Prospective case identification and data collection were performed and patients were classified as an MNM case according to WHO, Waterstone and literature-based criteria. The diagnostic properties and concordance of literature-based and Waterstone criteria were calculated using WHO criteria as standard. RESULTS: Of a total of 20 435 patients, 19 239 women did not have potentially life-threatening conditions, there were 17 maternal deaths, and 77 MNM cases based on the WHO criteria. Waterstone and literature-based criteria identified 404 and 959 MNM cases, respectively, most of them related to hypertensive disorders and haemorrhage. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in diagnosing MNM cases using Waterstone and literature-based criteria were above 90%, but Waterstone sensitivity was 48.1%. The similarities between the Waterstone and literature-based criteria were very weak compared to WHO criteria, with a positive percentage concordance below 9%. CONCLUSIONS: Although using WHO guidelines to detect MNM cases can be difficult when implemented in low-resource settings, the results from this study reinforce the importance of this tool in detecting the truly severe cases. Waterstone and literature-based criteria are not suitable for identifying indubitable MNM. However, they remain useful as a preliminary step to select potentially severe cases, mainly those related to hypertension and haemorrhage.

The prevalence of severe maternal morbidity and near miss and associated factors in Sergipe, Northeast Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The investigation of severe maternal morbidity (SAMM) and maternal near miss (NM) and associated risk factors is important for the global reduction of maternal mortality. This study investigated the prevalence of SAMM and NM cases and the associated risk factors in two reference maternity hospitals in a capital city in Northeast-Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a nested case-control component was conducted from June-2011 to May-2012. Case identification was prospective and data collection was performed according to WHO criteria and definitions. Odds ratio with confidence intervals and multivariate analysis were used whenever possible. RESULTS: There were 16,243 deliveries, 1,102 SAMM cases, 77 NM cases and 17 maternal deaths. The maternal NM outcome ratio was 5.8 cases/1,000 live births (LB); the total prevalence of SAMM + NM was 72.6 cases/1,000 LB, the maternal near miss: mortality ratio was 4.5cases/1 maternal death (18% of mortality index). Management-based criteria were the most common events for NM (87.1%) and hypertensive disorders for SAMM (67.5%). Higher age, previous abortion and caesarean delivery, the non-adhesion to antenatal care, current caesarean delivery and bad perinatal results were associated with SAMM/NM. In the multivariate analysis, patient's status, previous caesarian and abortion and level of consciousness were significant when analyzed together. CONCLUSIONS: SAMM and NM situations were prevalent in the studied population and some risk factors seem to be associated with the event, particularly previous gestational antecedents. Protocols based on SAMM/NM situations can save lives and decrease maternal mortality.